Oil burner



A. P. PLAUT June 2, 193.1.

oIL BURNER Filed Jan. l2l 1925 Patented June 2, 1931 ,ANTOINE nrmum, oFnLINT, MIGHIGAN l or;J BURNER Application mea January 12,Y 1925. serial No. 1,756.

This invention relatesv to oilheaters or furnaces, and hasfor its object to effect the control and conservation of the flame and gases producingthe flame whereby greater thermal efficiency will be obtained from the fuel than has heretofore usually been possible where no such provision has been made.

Ordinarily fuel oil is atomized or vaporized and admixed with air, together sometimes with steam, andthis mixture upon issuing from a suitable mixing chamber, or directly as it is admixed, is ignited, the resulting iiame being free to spread throughout the rebox within whichit is formed or into i5 which it is projected. In this way,consid erable loss of eiiiciency results, due to the escape ofa percentage of the gases and combustible material from the flame andfrom the immediate zone of intense heat, and the dissipation of such escaped gases and particles of combustible vmaterial thereafter without ignition. It is, therefore, anobject 0f the present invention to prevent such loss to a very large degree by conning the flame and gases tov ensure the proper lcombustion of the'said gases, Vand minimize the production of smoke which would otherwise resultg It is also often desirable in order to secure high' temperatures and thermal eiliciency 3o that a comparatively large quantity of oilbe consumed within a small space, and the invention further aims to provide means whereby this may be done;V

VA still further object is to provide as an appliance for use with oil burners, a com'- bustionA chamber in the form of a iame confining device adapted to enclose the nozzle ofi a burner and temporarilywentrap the iame and gases issuing therefrom ina man- 40 ner retaining unburned gases in association with the flame until ignition.

vStill further objects subsidiary toV or resulting from the aforesaid objects, or from the constructionor operation of theinven-i- Yi tionY asit may be carried into effect, will become apparent as the said invention is here'-v inafter further disclosed. In carrying said invention into effect, I may apply to or use in combination with van oil burner wherein oil and air,v or oil, air and steam vare Yformed into a combustible mixture and ignited, a combustion chamber or enclosure extending over the point' of initial combustion, said chamber being'in the form of a casing so shaped, as by being in the shape of a hollow cone'havlng a somewhat restricted opening at the apexythat thelower part of the said chamber admits of the expansion of the combustible mixture, and the conical shape ofthe chambery effects a'slowing up of the travel lthereof towards the outlet opening lfollowed by a decrease in volume and lincrease of thev velocity of the mixture towards said opening, whereby the ame will issue from said opening at high velocity and temperature, the gases rhaving been thoroughly admixed within the said chamber.V Y

All of which is more particularly described and ascertained hereinafter, 4by way ofexample, having reference to the accomi panying drawings, wherein- Figure lis an elevationfpartlyshown in section, of an oilburning furnaceequipped with a combustion chamber embodyingthe invention; `Y

Figure' 2 is va broken perspective view ofk the'said combustion chamber removed; Y

j Figure' 3 lis `a perspective view of part of the Yoil burnerl in connection'with which the invention is described; and

Figure 4 is a brokenperspective'view of the base of the said'oil burner.v

Similar vcharacters of reference indicate similar yparts in the several figures of' the drawings. f

For the purposev ofillustrating the action of kmy device, I show a well'knowntype of hot air furnace wherein therfirebox lis sur-V mounted by a dome2rwhich carries ay flue member in the form of a heat radiator 3 having an inlet 4 and an outlet 5, the said firebox 1 being mounted on a base 6 which is provided with grate bars 7.

As an example of an oil burner, I show a gravity fed burner wherein afeed pipe '8 enters the central upwardly extended part 9 of a dished burner plate or mixing bowl 10 which is supported by a irebrick structure 11 within the firebox 1. 12 is a covering of refractory cement and Vforms a support or hearth ,for the improved combustion chamber which ,will be f urther describe d [The said oil burner is shown as including a manifold 18, the arms 14 of which form air'in lets and communicate withairopenings 159- in the said burner plate 10, 16 being the outlet of the said manifold through which air is delivered to theburnen plate. for ,ad, mixture With oil (or gas v'when the plate'is hot) issuingfrom the mouth ofthe feed pipe 8. This admixtureoflair.and-oil vwhen ignited producesa,flame which is spread by the burner plate and ...extends upwardly aroundthe manifold. v

LV,Ordinarily no further fcontrol of this flame .isqexercised `and it is simply permitted to perform its heating functions withinthe furnace` .as .far as, conditions permit. B y v my inventiomhowever,Ipropose to control the flameand heatedVV gases associated therewith for -a perod fafter 1the admixture and ignitionto .effectz a more thorough combustion offthesaidfgases, and to produce agreater intensity `of flame, and also tocontrol the situationofthe zone of applic-ation of the heat\whereby.it may b e most effectively distributed according to requirements and whereby also :it 4may be prevented from overheating those parts lof `the `burner which ight .otherwise be damaged by excessive eat. Y v

For these purposes I surround the burner (1r-atleast V`the flame yof ,thel iburner, -.with a combustionchamber `0r enclosure y, 17 ofany suitable `material such for example :as iire clay, the base 1,81of .whichis of substantial internal `,area andthe superstructure A19 V,of hollowonical form` having a restrictedopeningQOatthe apex-thereof. i-'Ihesaid base 18 forms an expansion chamber -forlthe burning gases, =and 'due' to such `expansion the speedof rising of such gasesis reduced andastate of rturbulence produced which increases the time` during which the ignited and unignited gases remain .confined Vwithin thechamber and in close and Vturbulent association with one another, this-having natural :tendency to `produce more 4,complete combustion. l

As the said gases travel upwardlyftheyr entervthe coned superstructure A19 of-:the combustion- Achamber which .reduces the lvol-Y ume and increases the; speed of movement :of

thegases to-ward the outlet 20.- Incidently this` reduction in the volume results in an increase in temperature and a further acceleration of the combustion so that, upon issuing from the outlet, the gases enter the dome and radiator of the furnace Vwherein the heat of the gases is dissipated in the v manner required, instead of being lost to a great extent in the irebox of the furnace as is permitted when the said combustion chamber is not utilized.

With this device a very intimate mixing of the Tgases at-ahigh temperatureand over @.Suifciently exteiidedreriod Qfztmeis effected asl the size of the combustion chamber relatively to the oil outlet is considerable, allowing fori-:considerable expansion of the adniixed fuel and air ;and the provision for increasing the speed of the gases when so ad- `mixed, Yby .means of the coned upper part It ispreferred x,for `purposesgof assembling and locating in furnaces orvconflned spaces that .the combustion. chamber @be made .up of sections or parts adapted tobe assembledcin the furnace, such construction being; shown in Figuresland 3. e l i .Thisinventiommay 4be developed within the scope Vof the following `claims. without departing from the .essential ,features of `the said invention, .and it is .desired that-,the

- specification. and. drawings beread asfmerely illustrative and not in :a limiting sense, ex,-

cept asnecessitated bythepriorart. WhatI claimis V l. yIna furnacehaving a'irebox, ahearth therein,Y :a I.co'mbiistion :chamber on,y said hearth forminga yflame .enclosure having 'a base of substantial area,[saidfenclosureiextending upwardly .from .said `base .and narrowing to Lan outlet directed-towards,the-.up-v per jpart of, said furnace, a Vmixingdevice open to said chamberand substantially-,closing `thebottom of :the gcha'mber, oil -.supply means VAentering said ,mixing .I device,y l @Il air inlet ,device open `to said mixingv device s anif closed to saidchamberfwhereby.air other than c. that directed from the .,mixingfdeviee inw Said., eoiibustion chamber :excluded from'theV combustionfchamber. 1; 4 f

Y 2. In a furnacefhavingfla:fire-box, afhearth therein, a :combustionffchamber;.ion said hearth :forming .raf .ilameenclosure `having fa base f of ,substantial farea', `said enclosure extending upwardly afromsaid base andrnar` .devieefto effect rowing to an outlet directed towards the upper part of said furnace, a. flanged mixing bowl open to said chamber and substantially closing the bottom of the chamber, oil supply means entering said bowl, the liange of the bowl having air inlet ports, and a manifold establishing exclusive fluid communication from said ports to said mixing bowl, whereby air other than that directed from the mixing bowl into said combustion chamber is excluded from the combustion chamwer.

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature.

ANTOINE P. PLAUT. 

